ٷΰ

Water/Sewage Treatment

Water Treatment

Abstract

  • Water treatment refers to the process of removing contaminants and other impurities from water to make it safe for human consumption, industrial use, and environmental discharge.
  • Sedimentation involves allowing suspended particles to settle out of the water by gravity, while coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to the water to clump small particles together into larger, more easily removable particles. Filtration uses various materials such as sand, gravel, and activated carbon to remove particles and other contaminants from the water.
  • Disinfection involves killing or inactivating harmful microorganisms in the water, often through the use of chemicals such as chlorine or ultraviolet light.
  • Water treatment is critical to ensuring a safe and reliable supply of clean water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and environmental purposes. The specific treatment methods used depend on the source of the water, the intended use, and the quality standards that must be met.
  • Depending on the water quality of raw water, the filtration method includes advanced water purification treatment using activated carbon and ozone, membrane filtration facilities using membranes, and seawater desalination methods.

1.

  • ,,ҹ Ͽ ִ Ī̸,Ϲ ϳ ϼ Ѵ
  • ϻȰ ʿ Ӹƴ϶ ȭ(,ȭ) ϴ Դϴ.
  • ü ۼ޼ ̷ , Ͽ ŷ 忡 óϿ ۹ ޼ Ͽ ȴ.

 

( 뵵)

( 뵵)

2. ó

  • ó Ϸ ϴ ̸ ̱ Ϸ ó Ѵ.ó ,ȭ, ó κ ȭ հ̴.
  • ó Ȯϱ ǥ ؼϱ Ź Ű ſ ߿ϴ.

 

Ź ؾ ϴ ?

  • Ź ߿ ϴ ڷμ ũ1nm~1mm ڼ ߿ ̻ ó Ͽ ҵ մɷ ϽŰ ۿ Ѵ.̿ Ź ɰ ִ.

1) ֿ ó

  • ó:ħ,,λ,
  • ȭ ó:,Ҽҵ,ȭ,
  • ó:Ȱź

 

2) ֿ ó

(1) ó

  • ̸ſ ȣϿҼҵ ޼ ձ50(100, MPN),Ϲݼ500(1) Ÿ ׸ ؿ 쿡 Ѵ.

 

(2) ϼӿ(Solw Sand Filtration)

  • ° Ϲ ȣϿ ҷ Ź ̷ ⹰ Ÿ ϸ ļ ̿ Ѱ ձ1,000(100, MPN), BD 2mg/LϷ ְŹ10NTU ʴ Ѵ.

 

Ư¡

  • ӵ4~5m/day
  • 98 ~ 99.5% .
  • ǰ ʾ ϴ.
  • ڵȭϱ ִ.
  • а ð .(1∼4/min/)

 

(ϼӿ ÷ä)

(ϼӿ ÷ä)

 

  • ϼӿ Ⱓ ӵǸ,ǥ鿡 ӵ庼, ٹ · ϰ ߻ϸ → ǥ1cm () 쿡

 

(ϼӿ )

(ϼӿ )

 

(3) ޼ӿ(Rapid Sand Filtration)

  • ° Ϲ ȣϿ ó Ǵ ϼӿ ó Źǰó Ͽ ħ ޼ӿ óϴ ̴.

 

Ư¡

  • ӵ120~150m/day ϼӿ ſ .
  • ġ ۰,Ǽ .
  • ڵ ϰ,η ʿϴ.
  • ǰ º .
  • Ź ټ ó ϴ.
  • ó ϴ.
  • ֱ ô ʿϴ.

 

                                                                             (޼ӿ)

ó

  • Ϲ ó õ ȣҼ Ͽ ߿ ԵǾ ִ ݷ̵ ڸ ϴµ ִ.
  • → ǰԽ → ȥȭ → → ħ → → → → ۱޼ ȴ.

 

ȥȭó

  • ð ġϿ ħ 1~1ũ ݷ̵ ϸ, Ͽ ݷ̵ ڸ ū ÷ ħ̳ иѴ.
    • :ݷ̵ ⹰,̷
    • :, pH,Į,
    • ý : ҿð,ħ,÷ , , ,忡 ǰ
    • з:

(ȥȭ )

(ȥȭ ħ)

( Ư)

 

ǰ

ȭ

pH

Ư

˷̴

Ȳ˷̴

˷̴곪Ʈ

ȭ˷Ϲ

Al2(SO4)318H2O

NaAlO2

Aln(OH)mCl3n-m

6~8

ϹǷó

ö

Ȳ1ö

ȭ2ö

Ȳ2ö

FeSO47H2O

FeCl36H2O

Fe2(SO4)3nH2O

5~11

pH ϹǷ ؼ ȭó

 

ȥȭ

  • ȥȭ ܽð ȮŰ Alum ݼӿ ð1̳ ż,յ Ȯ ʿϴ.

 

( ݹ)

 

(Hydraulic mixing)

(Mechanical mixing )

1.(Weir)

2.(ԯ, Hydraulic jump)

3. л(Energy dissipation)

4.ݱ(Inline Static mixer)

5.ǽݱ(Inline Orifice)

1. ȥȭ(Completely mixed

chamber Back mixing)

2.Ժл(Pump injection diffusion)

3.л ȥȭ(Shrouded radial

turbine mixer)

4.ζ ȥȭ(Inline Blender)

5.è(Water Champ)

 

  • ÷ ̼÷ ݿ ȣ ݺ 浹 Ͽ ū ü ħ ϰ 20~40 ҿȴ.

 

  • е: ΰ ưÿ ü ϿԱθ ʿ
  • е:ΰ ο ־ е ϳ,ߺ ־ 带
  • ̵:ٴ  ʾ ʰ ־

 

(ȥȭ ) 

(ȥȭ )

 

ħ

  • ħ Ź̳ ÷ κ ߷ħۿ Ͽ ļӵǴ δ 氨Ű Ͽ ġϴ ħ,, üð3 ~ 5ð ҿȴ.

 

  • ,ħ ̼÷ ϴ ̸ ϰ,ҵȿ ̰ ũ.
  • Ϲ ϼӿ ޼ӿ,  ̷.

 

ҵ

  • ҵ ҵ Ͽ ̻ Ȱȭ Ű ҵ Ȱȭ̻ (̻ ı) ƴ϶,̻ Ȱ ϴ Ѵ.

 

(ҵ Ư )

 

ҵ ϰ,ܷ

ҵλ깰 ߻

ҵ ´.

pH ҵȿ ħ

Ŭζ

ܷ ϰ

˷ ҵλ깰 ߻

ҵ ϴ.

pH ҵȿ ħ

߻Ѵ.

ҵ, pH .

.

˷ ҵλ깰

ʿ,ª ݰ

Լ

νļ ϴ.

̻ȭ

ҵ, pH .

˷ ҵλ깰 ߻

ܷ

忡

Hydrocarbon ߻

 

(߻(Hypchlrite Generatr) &UVսü)

(߻(Hypochlorite Generator) & UV սü)

 

3. óü

1) ó?

  • óü̶ Ϲó ϼ Ǵ ޼ӿ δ ŵ ʴ ̷,. ߹,ϸϾƼ ϱ Ͽ ó,ó,Ȱźó Ϲó ߰Ͽ ġ üμ ȯ ϴ ü Ѵ.

 

(ó )

 

Ȱź ó

ó

(Membrane) ̿Ͽ ϴ Ư

ټ ,ū ǥ ,ȭ

Ҽ ȭ ̷ ⹰ ȭ

ſ ȭ Ǵ ȭŲ Ȱź

MF, UF, NF, RO

Ϲ MF, UF

иȰź(PAC)

ԻȰź(GAC)

Ȱź(GAC + 3)

,߿,Ŀ

޻ȭ(AOP)

4. ó Ư¡

1)

  • (Membrane Filtration) (Membrane) Ͽ ߿ ϴ ̳ Ҽ ϴ
  • ׺и,̿ºи,и ϴ иν ó,ó,ؼȭ,ǰ Ƿо پ о߿ ǰ ִ.

 

ٷΰ

 

2) Ȱź ó

(1) Ȱź ̷

  • Ȱź Ϲ ü ü Ǵ ü ü ̿ ü ü ϴ ⹰̳ ֹ߼ ڰ  Ͽ ü ǥ ̵Ͽ Ǵ ǹѴ.ü ǥ鿡 ǰų Ǵ ڸ (adsorbate)̶ θ,ڰ ǰų Ǵ ü (adsorbent) Ѵ.ó ַ Ǵ δ Ȱź,̿±ȯ,,ݼӻȭ,Ȱ˷̳ Ǵ ִ ٸ ü Ѵ.

 

(2)Ȱź

Ư¡

  • ԻȰź (GAC; Granular Activated Carbon, 50um) : ֱⰡ6~12 ª
  • иȰź (PAC; Powder Activated Carbon, 1mm) :ʿ Ͽ Ǵ Ȱź ȥȭ ȥȭ (,ž) Ͽ
  • Ȱź (BAC ; Biological AC) : ⹰ ȭ ϸ,ԻȰź ̻ ⹰ ϸ,ֱⰡ2~3 ̴.

 

(ԻȰź ƮƮ)

(ԻȰź ƮƮ)

 

Ằ Ư¡

 

Ȱź ó

ó

(Membrane) ̿Ͽ ϴ Ư

ټ ,ū ǥ ,ȭ

Ҽ ȭ ̷ ⹰ ȭ

ſ ȭ Ǵ ȭŲ Ȱź

MF, UF, NF, RO

Ϲ MF, UF

иȰź(PAC)

ԻȰź(GAC)

Ȱź(GAC + 3)

,߿,Ŀ

޻ȭ(APO)

 

(3) Ȱź

  • (adsorbent):Ȱź(Activated carbon)
  • (adsorbate):ó
  • (solvent):

 

(4) Ȱź

  • ⼺ (,)
  • ȭ (, TCE)
  • ȭ (, PCBs)
  • Ŭη
  • (,˵帰)
  • ټ (,Ʈ)
  • EDCs ؼPhACs
  • NOM/Humic Substances (, DOC)
  • EfOM/Refractory Organic Mater (, COD)

 

  • ڷ ȭչ(,۷ڽ)
  • ſ ڷ Ǵ ݷ̵强 ⹰: pore size exclusion
  • ؼ PhACs

 

3) ó

(1)

  • ⇒ () ⇒ ħ ⇒ (߿) ⇒ ⇒ Ŀ ⇒ Ȱź ⇒

(н ġ )

(ó )

 

(2) ߻ Ư¡

  • ߻ :, ,ع,ȭй,缱

 

Ư¡

 

Ư¡

1 ̿ Ǵ ü Ҿ 鼭 ؿ6~8kVDZ ָ ߻

Ұ޹ ǿ 13~39g/Nm 3̸ Һ 18kWH/Kg 3̰, ǿ 󵵹80~ 160g/Nm3̸ Һ 10kWH/Kg3̴

ع

ؿ ϴ

ϰ,󵵸 Һ(56~67kWH/Kg3) ũǷ ұԸ ü̿ ϴ.

һȭ ʴ´.

ȭй

ҿ 130~242nm ڿܼ ߸ ߻ȴ.

ǥ ǿ ¾籤 ڿܼ ߻ϴ Ͱ

(10g/Nm3) Ǹ Һ(550kWH/Kg3) ũ.

ΰ.(50% 40% ϸ ʷ )

缱

ȭй ϸ,缱 ʿϹǷ

缱 ߻ ƴ.

Ұ

缱 ǿ ش.

ǿȭ

忡 Ҹ Ű Ǵ ˷ ߻ .

Ը𿡼 Ǵ

 

(3) ް ĺ Ư¡

  • ް :޹,ҹ(PSA,ȭҹ)

 

ĺ Ư¡

  • ޹:⿡ 忡ϴ ι߻ѿ 󵵴 ִ5%(߷)̳ ǿǰ ִ 󵵴2~2.5%̴.
    • غ񼳺 ټҺϳ, .
  • ҹ(PSA) :忡PSA ߻ ġ ġϿ ϸ,߻ 󵵴 ִ 14%(߷) ϳ, ǿǰ ִ³󵵴8~10%̴.
  • ҹ(ȭҹ) :忡 ؼTank Ͽ ϴ ϳ,а Ͽ ϹǷ Ǹ Ѵ.

 

(߻) 

(߻)

 

(4) ó

  • ó Ŀ Ȱź,ع,׼(ȯ, NaH),˸Ź(ȭ, Mn2) ִ.

 

ĺ Ư¡

 

Ư¡

Ȱź

Ȱź Ȱź ǥ鿡 ˸ ذ ϰ Ͼ.

Ȱź1g 4g

, ,ó

Nx Ե Ȱź Ͽ ϾǷ ʿ

ұԸ 뷮 Ǹ, ǻ

ع

ü ϸ صǾ Ұ Ǵ ̿

µ:300~350C

˽ð:1~5

Ȱź ĺó δ.

̿ ϴ.

ǰִ.

N .

ð ƴ

ȯ

Ͽ ȯ ƼȲҴٳ ȲҴ ȯ Ͽ

,dzǰ

ó ġ ʿ

Nx ϴ° ÿ .

ġ .

NaH

ڱظ ϴ ϴ 迡 ϸ5%NaH󵵿1 ˽Ű95%

ü뷮 ũ ó δ.

óġ ʿ

忡 ġ .

ȭ

ݼӻȭ ˸ۿ뿡 ؽŰ ˸Ÿ 쿡 Ⱑ ԵǾ ִ п óȿ ȭ ˸ ŰǷheating ÿ Ѵ.

H 2Sü ũ

ʱ˸ŷ .

Mn2

.

ó

⿡ ϴ.

Ư ȭ Ǿ Ƿ޿ؾ Ѵ.

̱ ǰ ִ.

  

5. ޼

1) ޼ (3)

  • бϿ ġ ޼(޼ ) ··· ۿ ޼ Ͽ ʿѱⱸ ĪѴ.

 

(Ѱ:޼ ڰ δ)

(Ѱ:޼ ڰ δ)

 

2) ޼

  • :(н,н),() ,·

 

(1) н(п )

  • ǵп ޼ϴ
  • ּҵ:3_200kPa(2.0f/),4_250kPa(2.5f/),5_300kPa(3.0f/)

 

(2) ᰡн

  • ޼ǵ߿ ޼񸦼ġϿ з ߰Ͽ ޼ϴ¹ Ѵ.
  • : ؼ ġϴ ٸ 뵵 ̿ϴ ִ.
  • ǻ: å ֺ ֺ ޼ Ѵ.
    • DZ Ŀϸ,Ա޼DZ ʹ ũ ȵȴ.
      رǹ޼ ȯϴ 쿡߻ ʿ( ü,νľ(?) )

 

(νŸ ᰡн) 

(ν ᰡн)

 

(3) (,)

  • ٶ
    • ܼÿ ݵ Ȯؾ ϴ ,Ͻÿٷ R ū ,
      з ʿ ϴ ׿ ִ (ǰ ) ִ.
  • Ŀ ޼:,ٴܰ,з¼,۽
  • ǿ뷮
    • 뷮 ȹ1ϻ ϸ,Ǵɷ¿ ð ʹ ū ֺ޼
    • Ǵ Ÿӽġ 긦ġϿ߰ ̿ϴ ҷ ð ޴
      Ͽ Ѵ.

 

()

()

 

(4) ·

  • 2~3 + 4 ̻

( ) 

( ü)

 

ġ(ü ġ  Ģ 3 )

  • 1) Ȧκ ๰(õ )κ100cm̻ ϸ κ60cm̻ Ѵ.
  • 2)ⱸ Աǹݴ غκп ġϵ ٴ ħ ƴϵ ٴڿ ġ
    ϰ ĭ ġϿ ƴ
  • 3) ̰90̻ 簢 Ȧ(Ǵ90̻ Ȧ)1 ̻ ġ(5ϴ60).
  • 4) ٴ ⱸ Ͽ1/100̻ 縦 ־ ϸ,溸ġ ġ,ű ǿ ξ Ѵ.
  • 6) ϴ պμļ ,ũ Ʈ ʴ ó
  • 7) ¼ũ ġؾ ϸ,ѹ 긦 ġϿ Ѵ.
  • 9) ̴ ּ180̻̾ Ѵ.

6. ޼

  • Ѱ,ļũ, ʴ
  • :182 ׼30 ؿ ԰
    • ,,η,ȭȭҰ(PE),ƿ

 

1.ȹ

  • ȹ޼ǰ, 뷮 ޼ ֿȹҶ ʰǸ,
  • ǹǿ뵵 ,ǻ뵵,ο,޼ⱸǼϿ,
  • 11 Ǵ±޼ⱸ 뵵 ̵ǵûѼǥѴ.

 

(޼,) 

(޹ )

 

    • ȣ ޼ȣ û ,ȣκ͵û ϴ» ̿
    • οκ͵û ϴ»̿ϴ ִ.
  • ѱԸ ̻ ޼ⱸ 繫 ǹ,
    • ޼ⱸDZ޼ϴ Ͽ ϴ

 

2. ı޼ ȹ

  • ȹ1ϻ
    • 11ϻ×ο(Ǵ ٴڸ ο×)Ǵ°๰Ǵٴڸ ×
  • 뷮 ǥ:ȹ1ϻ4/10–6/10
    • :ðǼ  35Ǻ޼ü뷮

 

3. б

  • ޼ бϱ Ͽ õϴ 쿡¹ ,鵵 ʾƾ
  • ǰ 濡 м, T,
  • ޼̺м б 30̻ ʿ,޼ǰǰ溸

 

( м)

( м)

 

4.

  • ٸżǰ30̻ Ȯϸ,Ǹ޿þǴ 𷡸 Ͽ ȣؾ Ѵ.
  • ޼ μġ¼͹ ġ ˸ ҷμ
  • ޼ μ ϼκ ָ ȸϸ,ŸȾ ÿ ѰžƷ μ
  • Բ ı ġ
  • ޼ żɵ Ϲ60̻ ϰ ǵɵ Ϸ żѴ.

 

5. (Corss Cnnection)

  • Corss Cnnection±޼ ħԵǾ ޼ ϴ Ǵ ¸ ϸ, ٸ
    Ǵ з  ȴ.
  • ޼ ȭ, ִ üÿ±޼ⱸ麸200mm̻
    ġ(50mm ּҳ̴50mm)
  • 뺯 ô ޼ ؼ ȵǸ, ޼ⱸ¼Ǹ鿡 ޼
    ̻ ̿ (D50Ͻñ ̴ ּD50 )
    ޼ⱸ޼ Ͽ Ǵºм,,ⱸ, ⱸ Ưⱸ ĪѴ.

 

Sewage Treatment