Abstract
- Plumbing technology for water supply encompasses various systems, materials, and techniques used to ensure the safe and efficient distribution of water within buildings and communities. These technologies play a crucial role in providing clean and reliable water for drinking, sanitation, and various other domestic and commercial purposes.
- Water Distribution Systems: Once water is treated, it is distributed to consumers through a network of pipes and fittings. There are two primary types of water distribution systems: centralized and decentralized. In centralized systems, water is supplied from a central location (such as a water treatment plant) and distributed through a network of pipes to individual buildings and households. Decentralized systems involve smaller-scale water supply, often using wells or local treatment systems for specific buildings or communities.
- Pipe Materials: Various materials are used for water supply pipes, each with its advantages and considerations. Common pipe materials include:
- Cast iron pipe: Cast iron pipe is a durable and strong plumbing material made from iron and carbon. It is known for its corrosion resistance and long lifespan, making it suitable for drainage and sewer systems.
- Stainless pipe: Stainless pipe is a corrosion-resistant pipe made from stainless steel. It is used in various applications due to its durability, high strength, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures.
- Galvanized Steel: Strong and durable, but prone to corrosion over time and now less commonly used.
- Copper: Known for its durability, corrosion resistance, and suitability for both hot and cold water supply.
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Lightweight, cost-effective, and commonly used for cold water supply lines.
- Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX): Flexible, easy to install, and suitable for both hot and cold water supply.
(Piping)
- (Piping)̶ ü ̼ (η) ġϴ ȿ ̿, Ͽ , Ⱑ ýȭ Ǵµ, ܿ ÿ Ӹ ƴ϶ , Ư, ߱ϴ ϵ 谡 ̷ Ѵ. Ư ϵ ϰ, з¿ β Ͽ Ѵ.
- ʴ η ̼Ͽ ̿ϸ鼭 ۵Ǿٰ , ʱ (η) 볪, ߰ (η) ̿Ͽ ߴϸ鼭 (Pb) û öݼӰ ̿Ǿ, 20 ö, , Ұ پ ̿ǰ ִ.
- ̿ Ȱȯ Ͽ ۵ Ͽ 18 ġ鼭 پ Բ , ؼȭ ó÷Ʈ. ȭ÷Ʈ ü̼ ߿ ϰ ִ.
(θô )
赵
- 赵 ÷Ʈ , ġ, ϰ ü ġϰ Ǽϴµ ȹ Plot Plan DWG., P&ID, Isometric DWG. ִ.
- Plot Plan Drawing(ġ) :ü ġ, , ġ ϰ κ ȹ ǥϴ
- Key Plan Drawing : Piping DWG. ۼϴµ Ǵ
- Piping Plan (General Arrangement Drawing): ż ð , / ð , ٸ κа Check ȭ Plant Ǽ ݿǴ ̴.
- Under Ground Piping Drawing :
- Isometric Drawing(ü ) : ϱ ü Ÿ , 迡 ̿
- Piping and Instrument Drawing(P&ID) : ߽ ϰ
- Line Index: P&ID ִ Line No., From / To, Insulation , Operatin /Design Condition, Test Requirement Ŀ Ͽ line
- Support Drawing: Pipeline ð Spool ۿ ġDrawing
- Specification: Piping Material, Piping Cnstructin Specification ⺰ Ư ߾ Spec .
Pipe ȣĪ
- Pipe ȣĪ̶ Ǵ ܰ ƴ϶ (Pipe) ũ⸦ Ÿ ڷ ȣĪ ũ⸦ ǥ ܰ β ٸ, Ϲ , ö, öݼӰ ϰ , , Ʃ ܰ ȣĪ Īϸ, ȣĪ ǥ ASME/ANSI ǥ JIS/KS ǥ , inch ǥϴ mm ǥϴ ִ.
- ASME/ANSI ǥ NPS(Nominal Pipe Size) DN(Diameter Norminal) ִ.NPS ǥũ⸦ inch Ÿ, NPS 1/2. NPS 10 ó ǥϰ, DN ǥ ũ⸦ mm Ÿµ DN 10, DN 200 ó ǥϴµ, inch Ǵ mm ʴ .
- JIS/KS ǥ inch ǥũ⸦ Ÿ 쿡 10" 10B, 20" 20B Pipe ũ⸦ ǥϸ, Metric(mm) ǥũ⸦ Ÿ 쿡 100mm 100A, 200mm 200A ȣĪ ǥѴ.
- Ѵ ASME/ANSI ũJIS/KS ũⰡ Ϻ(NPS12(12B) ) ܰ ٸ Ͽ Ѵ. Ư ķ Ȯϰ غϿ ϸ, ASME/ANSI ǥ Ȥ inch ǥ 10inch 10B JIS/KS ǥ ϴ 찡 ִ. PE ռ ȣĪ ſ ߽ 2010 ʹ ܰ ȣĪǰ ִ. Ȯ ۾ ġ(ö̹) ÿ Ͽ غϿ Ѵ.
(ASME/ANSI JIS/KS ǥ )
|
|
ASME/ANSI |
JIS/KS |
|---|---|---|
|
inch ǥ |
NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 10“→NPS10, 20”→NPS20 ... |
10"→10B, 20"→12B .... |
|
mm ǥ |
DN (Diameter Number) 100mm→DN100, 200mm→DN200 |
100mm→100A , 200mm→200A |
(pipe) 50A, 100A Ǵ 50B, 100B ǥϴµ ⼭ "A Ǵ B" ǹ̴ mm Ҷ A, inch B ٿ Ѵ.
(PIPEȣĪ)
1) Pipe ȣĪ β
- Pipe ȣĪ β ȣ(Sch N.; Schedule Number) Ÿµ, ȣ(Sch N.) ϸ β ٸ ߵ ִ з ǹϸ Ի Ʒ .
- Metric(mm) : Sch. N= 10 × P/S
- INCH : Sch. N= 1000×P/S
- t : β(mm)
- P : ü з (kg/) Ǵ (1b/in 2 )
- S : ɷ (kg/) Ǵ (1b/in 2 )
- D : ٱ (mm)
- t = [P/S × D/175]+2.54 =[PD/175S]+2.54
- ȣ(Sch) = 10 x P/S
- Schedule Number(Sch. N.) з(P) ִ(S) 1,000 ν з° ִ psi(Punds Per Square inch) ̴. ȣ Ŭ β ǹϸ з , Sch, β з(Pa) (S) ̴.
( з)
|
Sch. N. |
(5S) |
10 (10S) |
20 (20S) |
30 |
40 |
60 |
80 |
100 |
120 |
140 |
160 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
з(MPa) |
1.5 |
2.0 |
3.5 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
9.0 |
12 |
15 |
18 |
20 |
20 |
* ( ) (Thin schedule) ȣ θ Ÿ θ Ÿ ׳Ʈ θ 尭 ſ Ŀ з¿ ִ β ϰ Sڸ ٿ ϰ ִ. (1MPa 10.197162kgf/cm² = 10bar)
- 翡 Pipe , ýȭ ϱ Ͽ 縦 ϸ, Pipe տ Flange , Ʈ․Ʈ μǰ, , ܿ ü , ִ.
- , ֱ Ͽ , , ķú پ ᰡ ִ.
- Plant Ǽ Ϲ Ͽ Valve 53% Pipe 22%, Flange 12%, Fitting 7.5%, Ʈ Ʈ 3%, Ÿ Ҹ簡 2.5% Ÿ.
- pipe
- Fittings_ Gaskets, Blr &Nuts ... etc
- Flanges
- Valve
- ġ
(Pipe)
- , , ֺ ȯ ռ Ǿ ϸ, , η ö, , ݼӰ, PVC, PE öƽ հ ũƮ پ ִ.
( Ư¡)
|
з |
Ī |
|
|---|---|---|
|
밭 |
Ϲݹ źҰ(,)(SPP) |
з (SPPW) ƿ ǽ ļ Ŵ |
|
з¹ źҰ(SPPS) |
Sch 40 ȣĪ×ȣĪβ((Sch N) ǥ. |
|
|
й źҰ(SPPH) |
350, з . SPPS ǥ |
|
|
(STWW) |
ܸ ƽƮ, ü |
|
|
ƿǺ |
ܸ ƿ Ǻ, , , ߸ż |
|
|
θ(STSTP) |
Ŀ¿¿ ȭа . |
|
|
Ϲݹ θ(STSTPD) |
ÿ¼ ļ 䱸Ǵ |
|
|
ö |
Ÿ ö(濬ö)(DCIP) |
ܺ û , øƮ Ǵ ö |
|
ö(CIP) |
翡 ִ. |
|
|
öݼӰ |
ļ , ־. |
|
|
Ȳ |
̸, δ ȯ |
|
|
ּμ Ӱ ־, 꼺 |
||
|
˷̴ |
ν , װ |
|
|
ռ |
ȭҰ(PVC ) |
ΰ . |
|
ȭҰ(CPVC) |
PVC ļ ״. |
|
|
ƿ(PE) |
PE80 |
|
|
е ƿ(HDPE) |
PE е PE100 |
|
|
Ÿ |
հ(GRP) |
, , , ļ |
- Ϲ Ӹ ְ, ö Roll Bending Roll Bending Prcess 缱 Ͽ Ͽ Spiral Welding Prcess ִ.
- Roll Bending Prcess ö Bending Roll θ ݴ κ ڷ ϴ ̿ ´.
- Roll Bending Prcess Ͽ PIPE Ѻ ٸ ̸ Ӱ Ӹ ƴ϶ ٸ ü ִ. ̷ ɸ ִ.
(Roll Bending Prcess & Spiral Welding Prcess)
- ſ پԿ ÿ¾Ʒ Ͽ Ͽ Ѵ.
- ü (Commodity)
- з(Pressure)
- µ(Temperature)
- (Size)
- ̼(Ease of Assembly)
- , Լ ̿밡ġ(Availability)
- ݿ
- ں (Economic)
- Ư 䱸Ǵ
- , ļ
- ġ(Location)
Ʃ(TUBE) (PIPE) ?
Ʃ(TUBE) β ŭ β ʿ䰡 ϱ Ͽ ۵ öݼ̳ ݼӰ ȴ. Ʃ ȣĪ ܰ ǥϰ β ȣ β ǥѴ. ܰ 1/4" β 0.89mm ܰ 1/4" * 0.89t̶ ǥϱ Ѵ.
- 忡 .
- PE ó÷Ʈ ־. ؼ ϴ ü̶ ļ Ͽ Ͽ. ఢ óͷ ذ ־, Ⱓ ϴ պ ̸ ϴ . 쿡 Ἥ ־ TEE ǴBLBW ־.
- UPVC ȭöƽ PIPP α ANSI ̷ ־ μ ִ.
- ϰų μ Ͽ پϴ. Ϲ չ, չ, ÷ չ , ߴ м ŷڼ Ӹ ƴ϶ ۾ ̷ ִ. ݸ鿡 õ η ߴ ڵ ̷ ִ.
- ַ ̴ ɷ Ÿö չ ̷µ īĮ Ʈ(Mechanical Jint), Ÿư Ʈ(Tyton Joint) ѱö ϰ ̴ϼ KP ī Ʈ ִ. ȭȭ(PVC) ƿ(PE) 迭 Ϲ Ʈ Ǵ ̷, HI3P 쿡 Ϲ̴.
( )
|
|
չ |
|---|---|
|
|
, ÷ |
|
ö |
KP ī Ʈ, īĮ Ʈ, Ÿư Ʈ |
|
PVC PE 迭 |
|
|
HI3P |
|
|
PFP |
|
|
ɷöũƮ |
(Scket) , ¹(butt) , ´ (й , Į ü) |
cf) VR : п
1)
(1)
- ϳ簡 ִ Ͽ ϴ , , п Ϲݹ Ǹ Ǯ м縦 ų ߶ شȭ Ͽ. ϰ ణ ϴ , м Ӹ ƴ϶ ν, ִ. Ư η ݼ Ǵ ݼӰ ٸ ƴ ̿ νİ ν, ذν(Crevice Corrsin, ƴ ν) Ͽ Ѵ.
( )
|
|
|
|---|---|
|
|
(Scket), Ͽ(Union), ÷(Flange), (Nipple) |
|
ȯ |
45, 90 (Elbow), (Bend) |
|
̰ |
̰濤, ̰, ̰Ƽ, ν(Bushing) |
|
б |
Ƽ(Tee), (Y), ũν(Cross) |
|
|
ĸ(Cap), ÷(Plug) |
(2)
- ݼ պθ 쿩 սŰ տ Ϲ Ǿ ķ , , Pipe پ κп Ǿ. ´ (Butt Welding), (Lap Welding) ִµ, , з Ͽ , ұ , 뱸 쿡 Ϲ ̷.
- Ϲ 쿡 Ǻũ ַ ̷µ Ͽ ڵ 쿡 ũ Ǵ Co2 ̷. Plant ü ǰ ¿ Ӹ ƴ϶ ɿ ū Ͽ ö غ ̷ ϸ, Ŀ İ ˻簡 ̷.
(_ ڵ Խ, _ )
(3) ÷(Flange)
- ÷ ÷ Ǵ ϰ ÷ ̿ м ξ Ʈ Ʈ Ͽ ϴ Ϲδ ŷڵ Ϲ̴. ÷ а Ǵ ֱ ġ ʿ տ Ϲ̸ ſ ִ.
- ÷ չ, зϸ ´ (WN; Welding Neck), Կ(SO; Slip On), Ʈ(SW; Scket Welding), (SF; Screwed) ְ, ݴ зϸ FF(Flat face) ÷, ϰ ö ִ RF(Raised Face) ÷, пμ ֺ ķ ϼ Ȩ ִ TG(Tung &Grve) ÷ ִ
(÷ )
|
|
|
Ư ¡ |
|---|---|---|
|
÷
|
´ (WN) |
̻
, Ȥ ǿ |
|
(SO) |
Bevel ʿϳ 2 WN 2/3, 1/3 ª |
|
|
Ʈ (SW) |
D50 ұ濡 ̿ 46~260 , S |
|
|
(SF) |
ұ ʴ 뿡 |
|
|
ݴ
|
FF(Flat face) |
ö ձ 250 lb ҹ |
|
RF(Raised Face) |
뿡 ANSI 600 lb Ͽ |
|
|
TG(Tung &Grove) |
輺 ü м ʿ Ammnia, , õ ġ |
|
|
Ring Type |
Line ANSI 900 lb Ͽ |
|
|
Lap Joint |
ûҰ 䱸Ǵ ϴ. |
( ÷)
μ
Gasket
2 ü̿ 빰 ϴ ϴ Seal Ī պ, ȸ 鿡 ϴ Packing ȴ. Metal Gasket, Nonmetal Gasket, Semi Metal Gasket 3 ִ.
Bolt Nut
Ʈ Ӹ ִ Machine Bolt Ǵ ü ְ ʿ Ʈ ̴ Stud Bolt , Ϲݿ Ʈ Ʈ, п ʰп, ¿, Ŀ ƮƮ ִ.
2) ö
- ö ö 簡 ̰ ִ 簡 ϰ, ļ, ð Ͽ ǰ ִ. ɷ Ÿö(Ductile Cast Iron) Ÿö Ǵ 濬ö̶ θ, ö Ÿư Ʈ(Tytn Joint), īĮ Ʈ(Mechanical Joint) ѱö ϰ ̴ϼ KP ī Ʈ չ ̴.
- Ÿ ö ö ̷ ׳ Ͽ ġ 濬 ö ȸö ݼ Ư¡ , Ϲ ö Ư 濡 80mm 1,200mm ȴ. ν Ͽ ο Ǵ øƮŻ ̴ ϰ ܺο û Ǵ Ѵ.
(1) Ÿư Ʈ(Tytn Joint)
- Ÿư Ʈ ο Ǿ ִ ϰ ִ Ͽ Ű ̱ US翡 ߵ ̴. Ÿư Ʈ μǰ ϳ μ żϰ Ͽ θ ǰ ִ ̴.
- μǰ ϰ, μ .
- Ʈο 5 θ ִ.
- Ż ִ.
(Ÿư Ʈ(Tyton Joint))
(2) īĮ Ʈ(Mechanical Joint)
- ī Ʈ ÷ 籸 ִ ϰ ̿ L з(Ӹ) · ϰ з Ʈ Ʈ ̴ ܿ з ߰ ʿϴ.
- · Ÿư Ʈ м ȣϴ
- ϰ 籸 վ ִ.
- ߰ μǰ ʿϿ ϰ ټ ۾ ƴ.
(īĮ Ʈ(Mechanical Joint))
(3) KT īĮ Ʈ(KT Mechanical Joint)
- KP ī Ʈ 籸 ÷ ϰ ϰ ϰ U з ̿Ͽ KP ī Ʈ Ʈ Ӹ ִ Ʈ Ʈθ ϴ ѱö Ͽ KT ̴ϼ ٿ KP ī Ʈ θ ִ.
- U з θ ̴.
- ϰ 籸 Ϻ ܰ ߰ϴ.
- ī Ʈ 籸 ʿ䰡 ۾ ϴ.
- ߰ μǰ ʿϿ ϰ ټ ۾ ƴ.
(KT īĮ Ʈ(KT Mechanical Joint))
3) PE Ǻ
(_PE) 
(HI3R _HI3P)
(ķ_η) 
(Ʈ (PFP ü̴װ)
(Ÿư Ʈ_ƿǺ η)
Ÿ ֿ
1) (Expansion Joint)
- µȭ â ִ ϰ ̿ ´. ̷ ȭִ 迡 , , , , 丮, 巹 ִ.
- ۿ ¿ µ øų ܿ Ǵ о , µ ̷ Ϻ Ǵ ļ ֱ ȭ־ Ѵ. ̷ ̼Ͽ ʾƵ ̹δ ö â 1.2×10 5 ϹǷ 1 µ 1m 0.012mm ŭ ϰ ȴ.
- ż ƴ Ǵ ο 20~30m ġϿ ϰ, εħ ɼ ִ 쿡 ڼ ū ġϿ Ѵ. żǴ 쿡 ַ Ŀ ʿϴ.
2) Ʈ̳(Strainer)
- Ʈ̳ʴ Ǵ ܿ ġϿ ü Բ ԵǴ ɷ , ȣϱ ٰ ̿Ͽ ϴ · ֱ ûҸ ϸ ûϴ İ ڵ Ʈ̳ʰ ִ.
- Ʈ̳ ¿ ü 帧 ϰ 45 ִ Y, ġǴ T, B Ʈ̳ ο ġǴ Cone Ʈ̳ ڵƮ̳ ִ.
- Ʈ̳ ´ ο ~ ũ ξ ϴ · ũ⸦ Ͽ Ѵ. Ϲ Ʈ̳ ´ Y , ̹ Ÿ ϱ Ͽ ü T B ִ. ֱٿ ̹ ڵ иϿ ϴ · Ͱ ġǾ ִ ڵƮ̳ʰ ü ó ǰ ִ.
(Y Ʈ̳)
- B Ʈ̳(Bucket Strainer) Bucket ġ · Ŀ ü ο Ʈ̳ʰ Ե · T ϳ, ̹ ִ Ʈ̳ ũ⸦ ũ ̹ Ҽ ־ ̹ Է ټ ó ÷Ʈ , 뿡 ġǸ Ͽ 2 Ʈ̳ʸ ķ ġϴ Dual Type ַ ȴ.
( Ʈ̳)
- Pwer Plant, ó ÷Ʈ ð Ǵ ϴ Ʈ̳ʿ ʹ ɷ ִ ɺ̼ ־ ǰ ʿϴ. Ʈ̳ ϸ ̱ Ͽ ο ũ ġϿ 1 ɷ ʿϴ. ž ũ ҷθ Ʈ̳ʿ ϴٰ ִ. ٸ ɷ ִ ũ ġ ġ ټ ٸ Ӹ ƴ϶ ũ ũⰡ 5cm ũ ġϿ Ѵ. ž ũ Ӱ ſ 谡 Լӵ 1.0m/s ϰ ǵ ũ Ͽ Ѵ.
3) ķú Ʈ (Flexible joint)
- ķú Ʈ ġϿ ü 帧 ϰų, Ͱ ʴ ῡ ̿ Ǵ ܳ Ǵ ο ָ ְ ܺο ̵ ķú Ʈ ִ. ܳʹ Ⱓ ϸ ȭ Ͽ ִ. η ķú Ʈ ġ ǰŴ κ ν ȭ Ͽ Ȧ ִ.
( ܳͿ ķú Ʈ)
4) Valve
- ü 帧 ․Ű , з ϴ ġ Ǵ ⸦ Īϸ, ó ÷Ʈ ȿ̰ ü ϴµ ־ ߿ Ѵ.
- ü Ư, ü ȭ , ſ پϸ,Ϲδ 帧 ũ(Disk), Ʈ(Seat) ̰ ΰ ִ ü(Body) ̸ ۵Ű ڵ(ġ; Actuator) .
- ´ D50 , D65 ̻ ÷ Ǿ D50 ϵ ÷ ǰ ִ,
(1)
- Pipe, ÷ Բ ⺻ ǰν , Ͽ 800~1,000 ̸ ˷ ִ.
- ϴ Ϲ ü 帧 ϴ°(nff ) , ․з․ (Throttling)ϴ , ü 帧 ϴ , з , 迡 Ǵ , ۵ , , н, н п뿡 û, ö ̿ǰ, п뿡 ְ ȴ.
뵵
|
|
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
ܿ |
Ʈ, ö̹, ۷κ, , ܹ(÷), |
||
|
|
ö̹, , ܹ(÷), ǽ |
||
|
з |
۷κ, ϵ, ö̹(̼), й(PRV) |
||
|
( ÷Ʈ, At), ö, ϵ |
|||
|
|
üũ |
üũ, Ʈ üũ, ö̽, ξũüũ |
|
|
Dz |
|||
|
÷ |
|||
|
κȣ |
(Ʈ), Safety , Relief |
||
|
ǰ |
̾, ġ(Pinch), |
||
|
|
̾, ɹ, ġ(Pinch) |
||
|
Ʈѹ (Auto) |
Ŀ |
, ̷Ʈ |
|
|
|
(PRV), , , µ |
||
ü з
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
۹ з (Actuator) |
ڵ (ұ濡 ַ ) |
|
|
۵ (MV) |
||
|
н |
̿ Ǹ, ͽ, ̾ |
|
|
н |
κ . |
|
|
չĿ з |
, Ʈ(´) |
|
|
Ϲ D50 Ͽ |
||
|
÷ |
Ϲ D65 ̻ |
|
|
۽ |
÷ |
|
